Theory of Separation Processes and Reactors

Characterization and calculation of liquid-liquid and gasliquid-liquid equilibria. Equilibrium ratio, vapor tension, Antoine equation, Raoult-Dalton equation, relative volatility, bubble-point calculations, phase distribution calculations.Use of binary phase plots and equlibrium plots, use of ternary phase plots. Single stage equilibrium distillation and flash. Simple distillation. Rayleigh equation, vapor consumption. Steam distillation. Continuous multistage distillation. Reflux ratio. MESH equations. CMO. Upper and lower operating lines. Q-line. Graphical determination of the theoretical number of stages. Graphical determination of the minimum number of theoretical stages. Fenske equation. Minimum reflux  ratio, graphical construction. Relations between number of stages, reflux ratio, and product purity. Plates and packings. Stage efficiency, HTU, NTU, HETP. Column capacity. Batch rectification with constant reflux ratio and with constant purity. Azeotropic and extractive distillation methods. Pressure swing distillation. Absorption. Kremser-Souders-Brown equation. Liquid extraction. Equilibrium ratio, distribution ratio, and phase ratio. Simple extraction. Repeated extraction. Perkolation. Continuous countercurrent multistage extraction. Counter-solvent extraction. Devices. Computation with constant equilibrium ratio, graphical constraction with constant phase ratio and with non-constant phase ratio.