General Chemistry

The subject of chemistry. Material, the structure of the material, mixtures, energy and mass conservation. Atoms, molecules, elements compounds, ions, mol. Chemical formula, stoichiometry, concentration and its measurement. Chemical reactions and their types. Redox reactions, oxidation number acid-base reactions, acid-base theories, pH. Characterisation of the gaseous state, gas laws. The liquid and the solid states. Phase transitions and their characterisation by phase diagramms. Crystallization, sublimation and distillation. Thermochemistry. Chemical equlibria. The Le Chatellier principle. Homogenous and heterogenous mixtures. Specific chemical equlibria, pH equlibria, solubility product constant. Basics of electrochemistry. Electrolysis, Faraday’s law. Electrode potential, redox electrodes, metal electrodes, gas electrodes. Ionic conductivity. Galvanic cell and redox equilibria. Chemical kinetics, reaction rate, rate constant, activation barrier, Arrhenius’ law. Thermodynamics and kinetics for a reaction. Basics of colloids, definitions.

Atoms electrons, atomic structure. Atomic orbitals, the hydrogen atom. Multielectron atoms, the Aufbau principle. The periodic table of the elements. The chemical bond in H₂. Covalent, ionic and dative bonds. Diatomic molecules the sigma and the pi-bond. Delocalization. Hybridization and molecular structure. VSEPR theory. Metals. Molecular movements, rotation, vibration.