Organic Chemical Technology

Introduction, the sectors of organic chemical industry and the trends of their advancements in the last decades, the parts of chemical processes.

Organic chemical conversions applied frequently in industry, the 40 intermediers and solvents manufactured in the largest amount (US Top 40).

Main reactor types (multi purpose stirred vessel reactor, tubular reactor, autoclave, fluidized bed reactor, filmreactor) and typical work-up procedures (evaporation, fractionation, filtration, recrystallization, centrifugation, drying).

Connection and fitting of the parts of chemical processes, batch and continuous flow technologies, controlling, flowchart, layout of a plant hall, structures of chemical factories. 4 h

Family tree of aromatic compounds (intermediates synthesised from benzene, toluene and xylenes by substitution, addition or oxidation), starting materials derived from ethylene and propylene (styrene, vinyl chloride, acetaldehyde, cumene, phenol, cyclohexanone and caprolactam), methane, methanol and formaldehyde as important starting materials (manufacture of acetic acid, chloromethylation, hydroxymethylation, Mannich reaction) monomer and intermediate industry, fine chemical industry.                                                5 h

Detergent and surfactant industry, alphenes and alphols as important base materials for detergents, surfactants prepared from hydrocarbon by sulphonation, sulphatation, sulphoxidation or sulphochlorination, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, components of soaps and washing powders, environmental aspects.                                                             3 h

Pesticide industry, basic terms, chemical plant protection by insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, naturally occurring active substances, permethrines, pyrethroides, carbamates and ureas, carbonic acid derivatives derived from phosgene, organic phosphorus compounds and their syntheses, heterocyclic compounds (e.g. triazines), phenoxyacetic acids, avoiding environmental problems through the examples of DDT and dioxins.                                  4 h

Pharmaceutical industry, features of this industrial sector, scale-up, flowchart, process flow diagram, the most frequently applied conversions and appliances in the pharmaceutical industry and their connections to each others, showing the attributes of processes through some examples such as syntheses of several heterocyclic compounds (barbiturate/isoquinoline or phenothiazine/ benzodiazepine), as well as that of a salycilate, phenol and sulphonic acid derivative, aspects of the selection of solvents, quality assurance (GMP) as a part of technology, environmental considerations.                                                                                      4 h

Dye industry, manufacture of dyes by diazotisation and coupling, flow control showed as an example of diazotisation, cotton, wool and synthetic fibers as essential textile base materials, dyeing textiles, reactive dyeing, textile dyeing and printing appliances, digestion of wood, paper production.

A brief overview of the plastic industry.                                                                                3 h

Environmental influences of the organic chemical industry, aspects of the selection of environmentally-friendly (green) processes (reactions, solvents and conditions) and comparison of the different methods/technologies, atom efficiency, environmental factor, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes, turnover frequency (TOF), phase transfer catalysis, replacement of solvents, aspects of the application of ionic liquids, solvent-free reactions, microwave-assisted technique, some up-to-date methods for applying in industry, recycling and utilization of by-products, destroying the waste solvents and chemicals.                                                                                                                               5 h