Organic Chemical Technology II

Introduction, presentation of the "table of contents". Reactors for the organic chemical industry: industrial use of shell, tube and fluidized bed reactors, tray reactors, microreactors and microwave reactors.

Methanol Economy after the exhaustion of fossil fuels, alternative energy sources? The Second Law of 12 green chemistry from the industrial point of view are emphasized: sustainability, renewable energy, energy efficiency, streamline processing. Robustness requirements of the starting materials, the reactions. Extraction techniques to produce oils, colorants, nutritional supplements. Green recovery.

The microwave reactions, batch and continuous microwave equipment, interpretation of the beneficial effect of microwaves, "Scope and limitations", microwave-assisted chemical transformations, possibilities for industrial applications, the synergism of phase transfer and the microwave techniques.

Ionic liquids, a quaternary ammonium, phosphonium and imidazolium salts, synthesis of ionic liquids, the fine-tuning of the properties with the cation and anion fitting, examples for the application of ionic liquids in organic syntheses: hydrogenations, oxo-synthesis and Friedel-Crafts alkylation, environmental considerations.

Heterogeneous catalytic transformations (hydrogenation and oxidation), typical catalysts, characteristics and methods for production, chemo- and stereo-selective reactions, industrial examples.

Homogeneous catalytic transformations (oxosynthesis and hydrogenation), typical catalysts (eg. Cobalt carbonyl or Wilkinson-type catalysts), chemo- and stereoselective reactions, industrial examples.

Phase transfer catalysis, a quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts and crown ether catalysts, the rate determining step, typical graphs according to the rate determining steps, matching the catalyst to the rate determining elemental step, examples of liquid-liquid and solid-liquid phase transformations, enantioselective phase transfer catalytic transformations, examples from the pharmaceutical and plastic industry, catalysts bound to a solid support.

The main aspects of the development of chemical technologies. Cost of the manufacturing (material costs, machinery costs, investment costs) and the products themselves, value added, possibilities for reducing the direct and indirect costs. Targeting the technological development.

The up-to-date instrumental analytical support for organic chemical industry. Industrial monitoring and chromatography. Suitable spectroscopic techniques and related coupled analytical techniques (TLC-MS, LC-DAD-MS, LC-NMR GC-FID, GC-MS). Industrial examples for monitoring analysis and separations.