Basics of Electrical and Electronic Systems

1. Introduction, purpose of the subject, requirements. Basic electrical quantities 1.

- Fundamentals of conductive, insulating, semiconducting properties.

- Electric charge, types, Coulomb's force law, electroscope.

- Electrical voltage, potential, QCU law.

- Electric field, electric charge storage, capacitor construction.

- Simple examples from everyday life. Connecting theoretical models with reality.

2: Electricity base quantities 2.

- Electricity.

- Current-carrying conductor magnetic field, solenoid and toroid coil.

- Lorenz power law, Lenz law, induction.

- Energy stored in electric and magnetic fields, work.

- Electric power.

3: Electricity base quantities 3.

- Resistance, Ohm's law.

- Real sources: voltage and current generator, internal resistance, no-load voltage, short-circuit current, clamp voltage.

- Chemical sources: dry cell, battery, properties. Mechanical sources: engine, generator plant. Photoelectric sources: solar cell, light bulb, LED.

4: Electricity networks:

- Kirchhoff laws.

- Voltage and current divider. Method of node potentials.

- Example solution: calculation of a series, parallel, mixed resistor network.

5: Sinusoidal and periodic signals:

- Amplitude, peak-to-peak, phase, frequency, periodic time, characteristic waveforms.

- Complex numbers, complex peak values in simple terms. Impedance basics.

- Transformer, voltage, speed, power, efficiency.

- The basics of serial RLC (resonant circuit).

6: Transient behaviour:

- Jump signal, transient capacitor RZ, coil SZ.

- Square wave excitation, forward propagation for digital data transmission.

- The concept of a time constant.

- rise and fall times.

- Delay time.

7: Active electronic components 1:

- Basics of semiconductor operation.

- Semiconductor diode, structure, equation, characteristics, LED.

- Bipolar transistor structure, transistor effect, operating conditions, design conditions, 2 transistor basic equation + BE diode equation.

8: Active electronic components 2:

- Bipolar transistor, amplifier and switch operation.

- Structure, operation, characteristics, amplifier and switching operation of a quad-circuit MOS transistor.

- CMOS basics.

- 9: Operational amplifier:

- Model, basic operation.

- Non-inverting, inverting amplifier, comparator.

- Operational amplifier components, leg assignment, supply voltages, simple audio case study.

10: Digital Electronics Basics:

- NAME system, truth table.

- Inverter with bipolar and MOS transistor.

- DDR AND gateway implementation.

- DDR OR gateway implementation.

- NAND, NOR, XOR - CMOS implementations.

- 1 bit info storage as SRAM cell (quasi D-flip-flop).

11: Construction:

- Structure of electronic systems.

- System design from the idea to the finished electronic construction.

- Power supply, fixing, boxing, connectors, connections.

- Earthing, double insulation, contact protection, ergonomics.

12: Electronics assembly technology:

- R, L, C, D, T, IC encapsulations, forms of appearance.

- Drilling.

- Surface mounting.

- Manual soldering, assembly in mass production.

13: Sensing physical reality with electrical output devices, sensing.

- The concept of sensor and its place in electronic systems.

- Examples of sensors: light detection. Light sensing, Temperature sensing, MEMS acceleration sensor, Pressure sensor.

14: Systems engineering, extra session.

- Block diagram of the implemented example circuit.

- Interpretation of wiring diagram.

- Presentation of PCB.

- 3D presentation of PCB.

- In-house printed wiring plate design.

- Printed wiring plate design tutorial - sample circuit.

- Demonstration of the physical hardware, referring back to what has been learned so far, demonstration.

Lab 1: Introduction to the laboratory, requirements, accident and fire training.

- Introduction to the protocol writing process, basic requirements and structure of a good measurement protocol.

- Getting to know the instruments used.

- Basic measurement of DC and AC signals.

- Basic measurement of passive components.

Lab 2: Testing active electronic devices.

- Diode, LED, bipolar, field-effect transistor testing.

- Investigation of basic circuit connections.

Lab 3: Time domain signal analysis:

- Amplifier and switch power supply testing.

- Examination of pulse parameters: rise and fall times, delay, time constant.